One country, one castle ordinance (2/2)The shogunate's daimyo control measures led to the disappearance of more than 2,000 castles.

For example, the Kanazawa domain of the Maeda clan, famous for ``Kaga Hyakumangoku,'' is a daimyo that rules over the three ryō system of Kaga (southern Ishikawa Prefecture), Noto (northern Ishikawa Prefecture), and Etchugoku (Toyama Prefecture). Initially, only Kanazawa Castle in Kaga Province was allowed, but due to Maeda Toshitsune's close relationship with the Tokugawa family, he was later allowed to rebuild Komatsu Castle in Kaga Province. However, I think it would be fine to have castles in Noto and Etchu if it was one castle per country.

In addition, the Ikeda clan's Tottori domain was granted three castles in the two-tier system of Inaba Province (eastern part of Tottori Prefecture) and Hoki Province (central and western Tottori Prefecture). This seems to have been partly because the Ikeda clan was married to Tokuhime, the daughter of Tokugawa Ieyasu, and was a relative of the Shogun family, and because the shogunate was still wary of the Mori clan. In addition to owning three castles: Tottori Castle, Yonago Castle, and Kurayoshi Castle (though it is treated as a jinya), after the Kurosaka Domain (Hino District, Tottori Prefecture) became a kaei, Kurosaka Castle was also acquired as a jinya. .

The Satake clan's Kubota domain (Akita domain) is a state in Dewa Province (Akita Prefecture excluding Yamagata Prefecture and the northeastern part), which has three castles. This was not due to preferential treatment by the shogunate, but because Dewa Province was physically too large, and Kubota Castle, Odate Castle, and Yokote Castle were left behind. In fact, during the Battle of Sekigahara, the Satake clan acted in favor of the Western army as a result of a disagreement over which side to take, and Tokugawa Ieyasu was blamed for this and moved from Hitachi Province (Ibaraki Prefecture) to Dewa Province. It had been sealed. The shogunate believed that it was able to weaken the power of the Satake clan by reducing the number of feudal lords, and it may have been an idea to do favors to the Satake clan, which was unfamiliar with various things in the new land.

In addition, the Kato clan's Kumamoto domain (Higo domain, Kumamoto prefecture, etc.) was recognized as having two castles in one country, Kumamoto Castle and Mugishima Castle. However, Mugishima Castle collapsed in a major earthquake in 1619. After that, the second lord of the domain, Tadahiro Kato, obtained permission from the shogunate to build a new castle, moved the castle to Matsue, completed Yatsushiro Castle, and continued to do so.

It is actually not clear why Mugishima and Yatsushiro Castle were spared from destruction. As the castle is located on the border between Higo Province and Satsuma Province, some theories suggest that it was used to protect and monitor the Shimazu clan's Satsuma domain (Kagoshima prefecture and southwestern Miyazaki prefecture), others say that it was used to protect against Christians and foreign ships. There are theories that he wanted to prevent the Kumamoto clan from splitting internally, but it is unclear how true or false this is. However, Kato Kiyomasa's daughter Yasohime is the son of Tokugawa Ieyasu and the legal wife of Tokugawa Yorinobu, the first lord of the Kii Wakayama domain, and Tadahiro, the second lord of the Kii Wakayama domain, was married to Tokugawa Hidetada in 1614. Since he has adopted his adopted daughter Kotohime as his legal wife, it is certain that he has a deep relationship with the shogunate. Due to these circumstances, it seems that Nijo was recognized.

Exception to the One Country One Castle Order ④ When the daimyo deceives himself by saying that it is not a castle but a stronghold (or government office)

In some cases, instead of consideration from the shogunate, the feudal lords deceived themselves by saying, ``This is not a castle, but a stronghold (or government office).'' An example of this is the Date clan of the Sendai domain (all of Miyagi prefecture, southern Iwate prefecture, parts of Fukushima prefecture, etc.), which is said to be a stronghold mansion, but some also have stone walls, and some people think, ``This is a castle...'' there is. It is said that in 1687, there were a whopping 21 strongholds that were reported to the Shogunate. By the way, in addition to Sendai Castle, the Sendai Domain also avoided destruction of Shiroishi Castle, where Date Masamune's right-hand man, Katakura Kojuro Kagetsuna, was the lord.

The shogunate appears to have been relatively soft on the Sendai clan, but the reason why they allowed the deception was due to the fact that there were many uprisings in the Tohoku region. Various theories have been raised, including that they were aiming to reduce their influence.

Exception to the One Country One Castle Order ⑤ Case where the daimyo side gave consideration to the shogunate

While there were feudal lords who tried their best to preserve their castles, it was the Hagi clan of the Mori clan who gracefully destroyed the castles. It was a two-tier country, Suo Province (southeast half of Yamaguchi Prefecture) and Nagato Province (western half of Yamaguchi Prefecture), but Iwakuni Castle and other castles were destroyed, leaving Hagi Castle in Nagato Province. In response, the shogunate calmly pointed out, ``There was no need to destroy Iwakuni Castle, since it houses the two kingdoms of Suo and Nagato...'' Iwakuni Castle was destroyed.

The lord of Iwakuni Castle was Hiroie Yoshikawa, the grandson of Motonari Mori. I was against the destruction of Iwakuni Castle until the end, but since the Mori family was being watched by the shogunate, the shogunate demanded that Iwakuni Castle be demolished, so I had to tearfully tear it down. I heard it was. There is also a theory that this destruction was due to the conflict between the Yoshikawa family and the Mori family that had been occurring since the Battle of Sekigahara.

During the Battle of Sekigahara, Terumoto Mori, the head of the Mori clan, was appointed as the commander-in-chief of the Western Army, but Hiroie Yoshikawa saw it as an advantage for the Eastern Army and independently informed Ieyasu to seek relief for the Mori clan's main territory. is. At the Battle of Sekigahara, they took up positions, but the battle ended without them taking the field. I thought this would be a relief, but Tokugawa Ieyasu attacked Terumoto's actions and threatened to revise the Mori family and give Suo and Nagato provinces to the Hiroie. In response to this, Hiroie handed over his territory to the Mori Soke, but the Soke naturally thought, ``Wouldn't the Battle of Sekigahara have been won if Hiroie had acted?'' The destruction of Iwakuni Castle may have been a result of sanctions from the head family.

“Samurai Laws” issued after the One Country One Castle Law

The One Country, One Castle Order regulated the number of castles, but the following month, the shogunate orally promulgated samurai laws. Since samurai laws have been issued several times since then, the law at this time is also known as the Genwa Rei. Here, the shogunate said, ``Even though we are repairing the castles of the various countries, it is imperative that we do so.In other words, we must firmly stop the establishment of the Shingi.''In other words, they must notify the shogunate in advance rather than repairing castles on their own. , stipulates that it is prohibited to expand or build new castles.

If samurai laws were broken, severe punishments were imposed. Masanori Fukushima is often referred to as the person who was forced to change the law because of the One Country, One Castle Law, but it was the samurai laws that Masanori violated. In 1618, a typhoon landed in Hiroshima and Hiroshima Castle was damaged, so Masanori reported to the shogunate that the castle should be repaired. However, it is difficult to listen to it. Masanori, unable to see what happened, began repairing the castle on his own and decided to just report to the shogunate after the fact.

When Hidetada Tokugawa learned of this, he became angry and tried to change the rules, saying that he had violated the laws of samurai families, but he cooled off once, probably thinking of the effect on other military commanders. They tried to forgive the rule on the condition that the repaired stone wall and turret be destroyed. However, Masanori did not abide by the conditions and only responded poorly, so Hidetada had Masanori transferred to Takai District (Nagano Prefecture) in Kawanakajima Four Districts, Shinano Province and Uonuma District, Echigo Province (Niigata Prefecture).

On the other hand, the penalties under the One Country One Castle Law were initially lenient, as even cases where a castle was not properly destroyed could be overlooked. For example, the Shimazu clan of the Satsuma domain did not actively demolish castles, and when officials of the shogunate toured around the country in 1633, they asked, ``Why are they not destroying castles like other countries?'' "Isn't there?" he asked. In response, the Shimazu clan gave an excuse-like answer, saying, ``There are people who want to undermine the castle and use it as fields to increase their wealth,'' but officials are ignoring it.

The One Country, One Castle law once again attracted attention during the Shimabara Rebellion, which lasted from October 1637 to February 1638. The uprising army barricaded itself in the destroyed Hara Castle. For this reason, the shogunate strengthened the One Country One Castle law after the Shimabara Rebellion. In order to prevent the ruined castles from being used by uprising groups, they will ask the feudal lords to completely destroy the castles, including by destroying the stone walls, and will strengthen surveillance.